The sector of forensic science is unique among the physical sciences in that the disciplines’ results are subject to scrutiny and challenge within the justice system. While it is important to demonstrate scientific reliability and reproducibility, it is equally crucial to demonstrate the quality of evidence collected and analyzed, as this may impact case strategy and judicial outcomes. This is best achieved through a stringent quality assurance (QA) program.

A clear and thorough QA program is crucial for every forensic laboratory for 7 simple reasons:

1. Maintaining Credibility

Credibility is the “quality of being believed or accepted as true, real, or honest.” As forensic evidence plays a crucial role in legal proceedings, accuracy and reliability are paramount in maintaining the credibility of the forensic sciences. A single mistake or false testimony undermines the trust in the criminal justice system.

2. Minimizing Errors

The entire QA philosophy is built around creating a program that identifies errors while working to minimize additional risks. This occurs at every stage in the forensic process, from evidence collection, to intake, analysis and conclusions. By establishing policies and procedures to minimize errors, QA reduces the likelihood of mistakes that may lead to wrong conclusions and/or convictions.

3. Consistency

QA protocols should establish standardized processes and procedures, which ensure that the same standards are used and applied consistently across all cases, regardless of analyst or laboratory.

4. Scientific Validity

Forensic sciences finds its roots in…well, the sciences (i.e. chemistry, biology, physics). QA protocols ensure forensic analyses are conducted in a scientifically accepted manner, with recognized standards and methods. Only with this scientific validity will the forensic discipline be accepted in a court of law.

5. Accountability

QA protocols must include documentation and record keeping procedures making it possible for another analyst, auditor, or the court to trace the evidence handling and decisions made at each step. When evidence and/or conclusions are challenged in court, thorough and proper documentation is invaluable.

6. Continuous Improvement

QA developed from the kaizen philosophy of continuous improvement; continuously assessing equipment and personnel performances to determine how and where to make improvements. Through proper record keeping, QA data can identify areas for improvement and implement changes to improve efficiency and hopefully prevent potential errors.

7. Ethical Standards

QA encourages honesty, transparency, integrity, and the reporting of findings without bias or undue influence. Compromising ethical standards jeopardizes the forensic science community’s credibility, consistency, accountability and validity.

Inadequate quality assurance is often the foundation for challenging an expert’s evidence and conclusions. Ensuring product and work standards are established and maintained with a bias towards continuous improvement is essential for every quality assurance program.